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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ATKESTANESİ (Aesculus hippocastanum)

Alm. Rosskastanie, Fr. Marronier d’Inde, İng. Horse-Chestnut. Familyası: Atkestanesigiller (Hippocastanaceae). Türkiye’de yetiştiği yerler: Yol kenarları ve parklarda süs ağacı olarak yetiştirilir.

Nisan-temmuz aylarında çiçek açan, 15-25 m boyunda, sık dallı ve yapraklı bir ağaç. Gövde üzerinde karşılıklı durumda ve uzun saplı olan yapraklar oldukça büyük görünümdedirler. Büyük ve dik olan piramid biçimli çiçek durumları, çiçeklerin bileşik-salkım tarzında birleşmeleriyle meydana gelmiştir. Aynı çiçek durumlarında bulunan çiçekler ya erdişidir, veya dişi organın körelmesiyle erkek çiçek halindedir. Dişi organı erkek organlardan evvel olgunlaşır. Meyvenin gelişmesi sonucunda genellikle bir, bazan iki tohum ihtiva eden, eksokarpi derimsi (meyvenin dış çeperi) ve dikenli, sarımsı yeşil renkte, küre biçiminde, oldukça büyük üç parçaya yarılarak açılan bir meyve verir. Oldukça büyük küremsi veya yumurtamsı biçimli tohumlu olup, düzgün parlak kahverenginde bir tohum kabuğuna sahiptir. Endospermasız olan, tohumun iç kısmı tamamiyle yağ ve nişasta ihtiva eden geniş çeneklere malik ve kendi üzerinde kıvrık embriyo ile dolu bulunmaktadır.

Tabii olarak Balkanlar ve Kafkasya’da yetişir. Gerek yol kenarlarında, gerek parklarda bir süs ağacı olarak bütün Türkiye’de yetiştirilmektedir.

Kullanıldığı yerler: Daha çok bir süs bitkisi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Çok beyaz ve yumuşak olan odunu tornaya ve yontarak işlemeye uygundur. İyi bal yapmaya elverişli olan bol miktardaki balözü bezlerinden dolayı arıların akınına uğrar. Tohumları keçi ve koyunlar tarafından yenilmektedir. Ağacın kabuklarının ekserisi güneş yanmalarına karşı pomat olarak hazırlanır. Tohumları nişasta, yağ ve saponin yönünden zengindir. Tıpta tohumları ağrı dindirici olarak, damar daraltıcı özelliğinden dolayı varis, flebit ve hemeroide karşı kullanılmaktadır. Romatizmaya da iyi gelmektedir. Atkestanesi tohumlarından hazırlanmış bir çok ilaç tedavide de kullanılmaktadır.

Ancak çocukların atkestanesi tohumlarının yeşil dış kısımlarını yemeleri halinde zehirlenmelere sebeb olur. Belirtileri göz bebeklerinin genişlemesi, deride kırmızılaşma ve uyuşukluk hali ile olur.