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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ANEMİ

Alm. Blutarmut (f), Fr. Anémie (f), İng. Anemia. Kandaki kırmızı kan hücrelerinin eksikliği. Kansızlık. Anemi, çeşitli sebeplerle ortaya çıkabilir. Olayı meydana getiren sebep ne olursa olsun, hadise alyuvarların içinde bulunan hemoglobin maddesinin toplam ağırlığının düşmesidir. Bu da, ya dolaşımdaki alyuvar sayısında veya alyuvarlardaki protein mikdarındaki azalmanın işaretidir. Tek başına alyuvar sayısının normal olması anemi olmadığını göstermez. Alyuvar sayısı normal olduğu halde anemi olabilir ve bunun belirtilerini gösterir. Aynı zamanda bir çok hastalığın gidişi esnasında kansızlık tabloya eklenir ve ana hastalığın belirtilerine bir de anemi belirtileri ilave edilir.

Sebepleri: Demir eksikliği, alyuvar yapımının normalin altında oluşu, alyuvar yıkımının ve kaybının normalden fazla olması en önemli sebepleridir. Bundan başka B12 vitamininin eksikliği, folik asid eksikliği, kemik iliğini istila eden habis hastalıklar (kanser hücreleri) de aneminin sebepleri olarak bilinirler. Şekli bozuk alyuvar yapımı da anemiye sebeb olur.

Anemi, hastada çeşitli ve kendine has belirtiler ortaya çıkarır. İlk göze çarpan belirti solukluktur. Bu, en çok dudaklar, göz kapaklarının iç kısımları, avuç içlerinde kendini belli eder. Çarpıntı, baş dönmesi, halsizlik, iştahsızlık diğer büyük belirtilerdir. Aneminin kendine has bir belirtisi de “kaşık tırnak” denilen tırnakların kendine has bir şekil alması halidir.

Hastaya iştahı az olduğu için sevdiği yemekler verilmelidir. Beyin, kemik iliği ve suyu, kan yapımını kolaylaştırdığı için faydalıdırlar. Yumurta sarısı, karaciğer ve dalak ızgarası hastalara çok verilir. Sebzelerden ve yeşil bitkilerden tere, ıspanak, yeşil lahana, hindiba, maydanoz, kuru meyveler, patates, fasulye, havuç ve mercimek de fayda sağlayan maddeler vardır. Hastaya demiri, iyotu bol şeyler, mersin balığı, hamsi verilir. Karaciğer hülasaları, folik asit ve B12 vitamini de bazı anemilerde faydalı olur. Doktor gözetimindeki ilaç tedavisi ile hastalar uzun bir sürede iyileşebilirler. Ancak habis hastalıklara bağlı anemilerde ilaçların faydasız kalması, hatta tümör ve lösemi hücrelerinin gelişmesini te'min ettiği için bazı antianemik maddelerin bu tür hastalıkları daha da ilerletici olması dolayısıyle yeterli kan verilerek yardımcı olunur.