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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ATEŞBÖCEĞİ (Lampyrus noctiluca)

Alm. grosser Leuchtkafer, Fr. Lampyre commun, İng. Firefly. Familyası: Ateşböceğigiller (Lampyridae). Yaşadığı yerler: Ilıman iklim bölgelerinde çiçekler ve küçük bitkiler üzerinde bulunurlar. Özellikleri: 11- 18 mm uzunlukta. Erkekleri kanatlı, larva ve dişileri kanatsız olup, kurda benzer. Ilıman ormanlarda 2,5 cm boyunca olanlarına da rastlanır. Çeşitleri: İki binden fazla türü vardır.

Bahar ve yaz ayları geceleri uçarken yanıp sönen ışıkları ile tanınan, kınkanatlılar takımından bir böcek. Erkekleri kanatlı, dişileri kanatsız olup larvalarına benzerler. Bazı çeşitlerinde erkek, dişi ve larvalar da ışık üretir. Bu özelliklerinden dolayı bazı bölgelerde dişi ve larvalara “yıldız kurdu” adı verilir. Her türün kendisine has sinyal şifresi vardır. Kuzey Amerika’da bazı çeşitlerin dişileri de kanatlı ve ışık üreticidir. Bütün ateşböceklerinin larva ve erginleri etçil olup, yumuşakça böcek ve böcek larvalarıyla beslenir.

Işık organları karın bölümünün son kısmında bulunur. Saydam bir kütüküla tabakası ile örtülüdür. İç kısmı fotojenik hücreler ve otomobil farları gibi ışığı yansıtıcı bir tabakadan müteşekkildir. Işık organında üretilen yağa benzer “ Lüsiferin” maddesi “Lüsiferinaz” enziminin katalizörlüğünde kademeli olarak oksijenle yakılır. Bu kimyasal olayda ışık meydana gelir. Hava oksijeninin kontrollü tüketimine bağlı olarak ışık zaman zaman yanıp söner. Bu yanıp sönmeler eşlerin birbiriyle haberleşmesini sağlar. Ateşböceğinin ürettiği ışık, yavaş yavaş meydana gelen oksitlenme sonucu kimyasal enerjinin ışığa dönüşmesidir. Çıkan ışık tamamen soğuktur. Isı kaybı yoktur. Verim % 100’dür. Kullandığımız elektrik ampülünde enerjinin % 10’u ışık % 90’ı ise  ısı kaybıdır. Yapılan ince hesaplara göre, eğer bir ateşböceği büyük bir sokak lambası kadar olsaydı, bütün bir mahalleyi gündüz gibi aydınlatırdı.

Siam’da geceleri nehir kıyısındaki “Ton Lampoo” ağaçlarını saran ateşböcekleri bir dakikada 120 defa parıldayıp söndüklerinden ortalık yarım saniye aralıklarla şimşek çakmış gibi aydınlanır ve ardından zifiri karanlığa boğulur. Jamaika’da ateşböcekleri o kadar parlak ve ışıklıdır ki, dallarda toplandıkları zaman beş yüz metre uzaktan ağaçlar alevler içinde yanıyormuş hissini verir.

Amerikan orduları 1898’de Küba’da harb ederken doktor Williams Gorgas’ın bir askeri ameliyatı sırasında lambalar aniden sönüverdi. Derhal bir şişe dolusu ateş böceği getirdiler. Bunların ışığı altında ameliyat başarı ile bitirildi.