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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

AŞİRET MEKTEBİ

İkinci Abdülhamid Han tarafından 1892’de aşiret çocuklarının eğitimi için İstanbul’da açılan mektep.

On sekizinci ve 19. yüzyıllarda batılı büyük devletler imparatorluk dışındaki İslam cemiyetlerini siyasi ve ekonomik hakimiyetleri altına almışlardı. Osmanlı devlet adamları emperyalist batı tehlikesinin imparatorluğa yaklaştığının farkındaydılar. Bilhassa milliyetçilik propagandası etkisinde kalabilecek, imparatorluğun merkezinden uzak ve İngiliz menfaatlerinin büyük olduğu Araplarla meskun bölgeleri için tehlike mevcuttu. İşte Sultan İkinci Abdülhamid Han bu tehlikeleri önlemek ve aşiretlerin yoğun ve hakim olduğu bölgeleri muhafaza etmek için bunların reislerinin ve ağalarının çocuklarını Osmanlı kültürüyle yetiştirerek devlete ve saltanata bağlamak maksadıyla Aşiret Mektebi açılmasını faydalı buluyordu. Ayrıca bu fikrin gerçekleşmesi sonucunda büyük bir kısmı aşiret halinde yaşayan ve Arapça konuşan halk tek otorite olarak halifeyi tanımış ve ona itaat etmiş, dolayısıyla ülkede din birliği temin edilmiş olacaktı. Nitekim bu gaye ve düşüncelerle nizamnamesi ve programı hazırlanan Aşiret Mektebi, 21 Eylül 1892 tarihinde açıldı. Mektebe ilk olarak Halep, Bağdat, Suriye, Musul, Basra, Diyarbekir, Trablusgarp vilayetlerinden ve Kudüs Bingazi ile Zur sancaklarından dörder talebe alındı. Bu çocukların kabiliyetli ve muteber ailelerin çocukları olması ve 12 ile 16 yaş arasından seçilmesi şart koşuldu. Bunlar fevkalade bir ihtimamla yetiştirildiler. Daha sonraki senelerde sayıları arttırıldı. İki yıllık öğretim programı daha sonra beş yıla çıkarıldı. Kur’an-ı kerim, fıkıh, ilmihal gibi din bilgileri yanında, zamanın fen bilgileri, Fransızça, Türkçe, coğrafya, tarih, edebiyat ve askeri dersler okutuldu.

Aşiret mektebine başlangıçta sadece Arap aşiret reislerinin çocukları alınırken, sonraki yıllarda Doğu Anadolu ve Arnavutluk bölgelerindeki aşiret çocukları da kabul edilmeye başlandı. Böylece mektep bütün aşiretlere hitab eder duruma geldi. Aşiret mektebinden mezun olan çocuklar, Harbiye ve Mülkiye mekteplerine gönderildiler. Bu mektepte yetişen aşiret çocukları, aşiretlerine döndükleri ve aşiret reisleri olduklarında, içinden yetiştikleri halkın Osmanlı Devletine sadakatini temin ettiler. Aşiret Mektebi 1907 senesinde o günkü siyasi fikir ve akımların tesirine girmesi sebebiyle kapatıldı.