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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ASETATLAR

Alm. Acetat, Fr. Acétates, İng. Acetates. Karbon, oksijen ve hidrojen ihtiva eden bir kısım kimyasal bileşikler. Asetat terimi selüloz asetatdan elde edilen tekstil iplikleri anlamında da kullanılır.

Asetatların üretimi:Asetatların üretiminde asetik asit (CH3COOH) temel madde olarak kullanılır. Asidin sodyum oksitle reaksiyonundan sodyum asetat; kalsiyum oksitle reaksiyonundan kalsiyum asetat; mağnezyum karbonat ile reaksiyonundan mağnezyum asetat ve kurşun oksitle reaksiyonundan kurşun asetat elde edilir. Çinko ve manganın sülfürlerinin asetik asitle reaksiyonundan da bu metallerin asetatları elde edilir. Asetik asit çözeltisinin mağnezyum, çinko ve demir gibi bazı metallerle direkt muamelesinden de bu metal asetatlar elde edilebilir. Ester olarak adlandırılan bazı asetat türleri asetik asidin bir alkolle reaksiyonundan elde edilir. Mesela etilarefat esteri asetik asidin etil alkolle muamelesinden elde edilir. Esterlerin kendilerine has hoş kokuları vardır.Halbuki diğer asetatların böyle bir hoş kokusu yoktur.

Özellikleri:Genel olarak, metal asetatların erime noktaları yüksektir ve bunların sulu çözeltileri de elektriği iletir. Ester asetatların sudaki çözeltileri ise elektriği iletmez. Çünkü bu bileşikler iyonik bileşikler değildir.

Orta büyüklükteki bazı asetatlar hayvan dokularında yağ asitlerine dönüşebilmektedir. Keza hayvan dokularında kolesterole de dönüşebilmektedir.

Kullanılışları:Asetatların geniş bir kullanma sahaları vardır. Bakır asetat Paris yeşili imalatında kullanılır. Diğer metal asetatlar bazı baskı işlemlerinde, demir ve alüminyum asetatları ise boyamada mordant olarak kullanılırlar. Yanmaz özellikli selüloz asetat, tekstil ve fotoğraf filmi imalinde kullanılır (Bkz. Selüloz). Triasetattan, tekstil ipliklerinde şekillerini koruyan ve büzülmeye karşı mukavim olan ürünler elde edilir.

Polivinil asetat, yapıştırıcılarda kullanılan bir plastiktir. Etil asetat ve amil asetat gibi uçucu esterler boya ve laklar için çözücü olarak kullanılırlar. Nitroselüloz ve film teşkil edici diğer bileşikler için iyi bir çözücü olan butil asetat lak ve vernik endüstrilerinde kullanılır. Amil asetat tat verici olarak kullanılır.