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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ASAKİR-İ MANSURE-İ MUHAMMEDİYE

Sultan İkinci Mahmud’un yeniçeri ocağını ortadan kaldırmasından sonra bu teşkilatın yerine tesis edilen ordunun adı. Sultan Mahmud Han, bir anarşi yuvası haline gelen Yeniçeri ocağını, 1826’da Ağa Hüseyin Paşanın da desteğiyle lağvetti. Bu durum, Osmanlı tarihinde “Vak’a-i hayriyye” adıyla anıldı. Lağvedilen ordunun yerine Peygamber efendimizin adına izafeten “Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye” teşkilatını kurdu. Ağa Hüseyin Paşayı serasker ünvanıyla bu teşkilata komutan tayin etti. 7 Temmuz 1826’da bu teşkilata ait bir kanunname hazırlattı.

Bu ordunun teşkilatlanmasına ilk olarak İstanbul’da “tertip” adı verilen sekiz alayın kurulmasıyla başlandı. Sekiz alayın ikisi Serasker kapısında, diğer altı alay ise, o zamanlar inşası devam eden Davud Paşa ve Üsküdar kışlalarındaki barakalarda iskan edildi. Hazırlanan nizamnameye göre kimliği belirsiz kimselerle, dönmeler bu teşkilata alınmayacaktı. Şartları elverişli ve yaşları on beş ile otuz arasında bulunanların kaydı yapıldı. On beş yaşından küçük olanlar için, Şehzadebaşı’ndaki eski acemi ocağı kışlası talimhane olarak tahsis edildi.

Yeni ordunun ilk mevcudu 12.000 kişi olup, 1500’er kişilik sekiz tertibe ayrılmıştı. Mevcud sekiz tertibin hepsine birden kumanda eden bir baş binbaşı vardı. Her tertibin mevcudu binbaşı, kolağaları, topçubaşı, arabacıbaşı, mehterbaşı, imamlar, hekim, cerrah vb. ile beraber 1527 kişiyi buluyordu. Her tertip, “saf” adıyla on beş kısma taksim olunup, her biri yüzbaşıların kumandasında idi. Ayrıca her safta bir de top bulunurdu. Bu toptan topçubaşı sorumlu idi. Yüzbaşının rütbe olarak altında iki yüzbaşı mülazımı, bir sancaktar, bir çavuş ve onbaşı bulunurdu.

Bu sistem 1828’de değişikliğe uğrayıp tertip tabiri Alay’a, saf tabiri de Bölük’e çevrildi. Bu süre içinde teşkilat büyüdü ve iki alaya bir Mirliva kumanda etmeye başladı. Ordu aynı zamanda Üsküdar ve İstanbul olmak üzere ikiye ayrılıp, her kısmın başına Ferikler tayin edildi. Yeni ordunun seraskerlikten sonra gelen en yetkili makamı Asakir-i mansure nezaretiydi. Ordunun maaş gibi işlerinden nazır mesuldü. Yeni ordunun giderleri Mansure hazinesi adıyla kurulan ve yeni gelir kaynakları olan bir hazineden sağlanırdı.

Asakir-i Mansure ordusunun kuruluşundan iki sene sonra Rusya ile savaş başlamasına rağmen, ordunun teşkilatlanmasına devam edildi. 1834’te ordunun subay ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere Harbiye Mektebi açıldı ve Avrupa’ya talebe gönderildi. Aynı sene Asakir-i Mansure tabiri yerine Asakir-i Nizamiye denildi ve bu tabir uzun süre kullanıldı. 1836’da şimdiki askeri teşkilatımızda olduğu gibi belirli bir süre askerlik hizmeti yapılmasını öngören “Redif” teşkilatı kuruldu. 1879’da seraskerliğin yerini harbiye nezareti aldı ise de, 1884’te tekrar seraskerliğe döndürüldü. 1908’de ise harbiye nezareti, kesin olarak seraskerliğin yerini aldı.