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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ARPALIK

Osmanlılarda devlet memurlarına vazifeleri sırasında maaşlarına ilaveten, görevden ayrıldıktan sonra ise tekaüd veya ma’zuliyyet maaşı olarak tahsis edilen gelir.

Arpalığın ne zaman ve ne gaye ile ihdas edildiği kesin olarak bilinmemektedir. On altıncı asrın başlarında verilmeye başlanan arpalığın, memurluğu dolayısıyla at beslemek durumunda olanlar için konduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Arpalık kendisinden başka kalabalık maiyyeti, uşak ve hizmetkarları bulunanlara masrafları gözeltilerek bağlanırdı. Bu aylık önceleri yeniçeri ağası, bölük ağası gibi askeri şahıslara verilmekte iken, sonraları şeyhülislam, kazasker, müderris gibi yüksek ilmiye sınıfına, sultan hocalarına, güç vazifelerde bulunan idare amirlerine, on yedinci asırdan itibaren de vezirler ile ümeraya verilmeye başlandı.

Arpalık, ya belli bir kaza veya sancağın senelik gelirinin bir kısmı tahsis olunmak veya hazineden belli bir gündelik verilerek olurdu. Bunun birincisine Bervech-i arpalık dirlik, ikincisine Bevech-i arpalık ulufe denilirdi. Arpalığın en fazlası; idare amirleri için senelik 100.000, ilmiye sınıfı için 70.000, yeniçeri ağaları için 58.000, saray mensupları için ise 19.999 akçe idi. Ulufe olarak verilenlerin senelik toplamı da bu değerleri aşmazdı.

Arpalık sahibi olanlar, bizzat arpalık olarak tahsis edilen kazaya gitmeyip yerine bir naib gönderdikleri gibi, bazan da kendileri giderlerdi. Sultan Üçüncü Selim, bozulan ilmiyenin ıslahına teşebbüs ettiği sırada, arpalık sahibi olan ma’zul vilayet kadıları ile kazaskerlerden, vilayet kadılarından mazereti olmayanların bizzat arpalıklarına giderek hakimlik etmeleri ve sakat ve ihtiyar olanların da arpalıklarını iltizama vermeyip emanet suretiyle beşte bir üzerinden ehliyetli dürüst naiblere vermelerini havi neşrettiği fermanda; cahil kimselere naiblik verilmemesini ve imtihansız hiç kimsenin yeniden kadılığa tayin edilmemesini emretti.

Arpalık, birçok suistimallere meydan verdiği için on sekizinci asırda kaldırılarak aylığa bağlandı. Bu durum daha sonra genişliyerek arpalık maaşı; tanzimattan sonra, isim değişikliği ile tarik maaşı ve en son olarak rütbe maaşı adını aldı. Meşrutiyetten sonra ise ilmiye sınıfına da, diğer devlet memurları gibi muntazam aylık ve emekli maaşı bağlandı. Böylece arpalık tarihe karışmış oldu.