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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ANNİBAL

Meşhur Kartacalı kumandan ve devlet adamı. Hannibal ismi ile de bilinir. Babası Hamilkar Barka, Sicilya’da Romalılarla savaştığı sırada M.Ö. 247’de Kartaca’da doğdu. Birinci Pön Savaşını kaybeden babası, onu Romalılardan nefret edecek biçimde yetiştirdi. Dokuz yaşındayken babası ile beraber İspanya’ya gitti. Çok genç yaşta general oldu. M.Ö. 221 yılında Kartaca ordusunun başına geçti. Annibal, küçüklükten beri almış olduğu Roma düşmanlığı ile Kartaca-Roma arasındaki husumeti alevlendirdi. İspanya’da fetihlere devam ederek Roma’ya bağlı tek yer olarak kalan Saguntum şehrini ele geçirdi. Böylece Roma ile aralarında uzun yıllar devam edecek olan İkinci Pön Savaşı başladı.

Kardeşi Hasdrubal’ı İspanya’da bırakan Annibal, yüzbin asker ve 37 filden meydana gelen büyük bir orduyla Alp Dağlarını geçerek Kuzey İtalya taraflarına ulaştı. Romalıların gönderdiği Sikipon komutasındaki orduyu Ticinus’da, Sempronius komutasındaki orduyu Trebbia’da, Flaminius komutasındaki orduyu Trasimeno’da, dördüncüsü ve en mühimi olarak da Paulos Emilus komutasındaki orduyu da Cannes’de yendi. Annibal’ın bu başarısını çekemeyen Kartaca Senatosu, yardım göndermedi. Annibal, Roma topraklarında tam 14 sene kaldı. Romalılar bu zaman zarfında yıpratma savaşı yaparak zayiat verdiriyorlardı. Annibal birçok başarılar elde etmesine rağmen Romaya direk hücum etmeye cesaret edemedi. Bu arada Romalılar, Annibal’ı Roma topraklarından uzaklaştırmak için önce İspanya’ya asker göndererek Kartacalılardan geri aldılar. Sonra, Annibal’ın İspanya’ya gitmesinden faydalanarak Kartaca’ya asker çıkardılar. Bu durumda sıkışan Kartacalılar, Annibal’ı geri çağırdılar. Annibal geri döndü. Zama mevkiinde Romalılarla yapılan savaşı kaybetti. M.Ö. 202 yılında barış yapıldı.

Annibal bundan sonra bütün gücüyle Kartaca’yı kalkındırmaya çalıştı. Ancak Kartacalıların kuvvetlenmesini istemeyen Romalılar, Kartacalılardan Annibal’ın kendilerine teslim edilmesini istediler. Bu durum karşısında Annibal, Suriye’deki Tir şehrine kaçtı. Dostu olan Suriye Kralı Üçüncü Antiyohus’tan yardım istedi. Fakat umduğunu bulamayınca Girit’e, oradan da Bitinya Kralı Prusius’a iltica etti. Romalıların tazyiki üzerine Prusius’un kendisini Romalılara teslim edeceğini anlayan Annibal, yanında taşıdığı zehri içerek intihar etti. Mezarının Gebze yakınlarında olduğu kabul edilmektedir.