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( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( Ç ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( Ğ ) ( H ) ( I ) ( İ ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( Ö ) ( P ) ( R ) ( S ) ( Ş ) ( T ) ( U ) ( Ü ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Y ) ( Z )

ALTERNATÖR (Alternatif Akım Jeneratörü)

Alm. Wechselstromgenerator (m), Fr. Alternatuer, İng. Alternator. Alternatif akım (dalgalı akım) üreten alet. Başlıca iki kısımdan meydana gelmişlerdir:

1. Sabit kısım, stator (indüklenen).

2. Stator içerisindeki bir milin ekseni etrafında dönebilen kısım. Buna rotor (indükleyen) denir.

Stator, akım makaralarından meydana gelmiştir. Her makara üzerindeki sarım bir önceki makaraya göre ters yönlüdür. Alternatif akım, indüklenme suretiyle statordan hasıl olur. Rotor, dört kutuplu bir elektromıknatıstır. Kutup sayısı 4’ten fazla da olabilir. Rotorun dönme ekseni üzerinde iki bilezik ve bunlara temas eden birer fırça bulunur.

Alternatörlerin dinamolardan bir çok üstün tarafları vardır. Alternatör ile daha büyük voltajlar (gerilimler) elde edilebilir. Dinamolarda akım, fırçalarından alınır. Büyük voltajların üretilmesi esnasında toplaç şeritleri arasında hasıl olan kıvılcımlar ve ark, fırçaların tahrip olmasına sebeb olur. Voltajı daha fazla artırmak mümkün olmaz. Buna mukabil alternatörlerde elektrik akımı doğrudan doğruya statorun uç kısmından alınır. Elektrik akımının ve elektrik enerjisinin uzak mesafelere nakledilmelerinde alternatörlerin meydana getirdiği alternatif akımlar kullanılır. Alternatif akımda elektron akışının yönü, İngiliz sisteminde saniyede 50 defa değişir. (Türkiye’de bu sistem kullanılmaktadır.) Akımın bir saniyedeki yön değiştirme sayısına, frekans dendiği için akımın frekansı 50 (1/sn=hertz)dir. Amerikan sisteminde ise alternatif akım frekansı 60 hertz’dir. Alternatörleri genelde dizel motorları, buhar veya su türbinleri, gaz motorları çalıştırır. Böylece mekanik enerji şekil değiştirerek ve belli bir miktar kayba uğrayarak elektrik enerjisine çevrilmiş olur. Teknolojide kullanılan alternatörlerde statorla, rotorun vazifeleri terstir. Yani rotor sabit kalmakta, stator ise rotor etrafında döndürülmektedir.