adhân: the
call to salât.
af’âl
al-mukallafîn: fard, harâm or mubâh acts; fiqh.
ahâdîth: pl. of
hadîth.
ahl: people.
Ahl al-Bait, immediate relatives of the Prophet.
Ahl ad-dirâya = mujtahidi fi ’l-madhhab. Ahl as-Sunna(t wa ’l-Jamâ’a).
ahwâl:
conditions or customs of people when a hadîth was said; excellent qualities.
a’imma (t
al-madhâhib):
pl. of imâm al-madhhab
’âlim: (pl.
’ulamâ’) Muslim scholar.
Allâhu ta’âlâ: Allah
to whom all kinds of superiority belong.
’allâma: an
’âlim of high degree.
a’mâl: acts;
living up to ’ilm
âmin: (to
Allâhu ta’âlâ) ‘accept my prayer’.
ammâra:
headstrong nafs as defined.
arbâb
at-tarjîh: = as’hâb at-tarjîh.
’ârif: an
’âlim who knows what is possible to know of ma’rifa.
’Asr as-Sa’âda: the
‘Era of Prosperity’, time of the Prophet and the
Four Caliphs.
Awliyâ’: (pl. of
Walî)
âyat (kerîma): a
Qur’ânic verse.
bâtin:
interior, hidden knowledge pertaining to the heart and soul; bâtinî, of bâtin.
Bâtinî, a follower of the Batiniyya heresy or Bâtinism.
bid’a: (pl.
bida’)
da’îf: (that
considered to be) reported not as genuinely as sahîh,
Dâr al-Islâm: Islamic
country.
faid:
ma’rifa.
faqîh: (pl.
fuqahâ’) ’âlim of fiqh.
fard: (an
act) that commanded by Allâhu ta’âlâ in the Qur’ân
al-kerîm; fard ’ain; fard kifâya.
fâsid: wrong,
invalid, non-sahîh.
fatwâ: ijtihâd
(of a mujtahid); conclusion (of a muftî) from books of fiqh whether something
not shown in them is permitted or not.
fiqh:
knowledge dealing with what Muslims should do and should not do;
a’mâl,
’ibâdât.
fitna:
disunion among Muslims.
fitra: alms (
fuqahâ’: pl. of
faqîh.
Hadd: A form
of chastisement used in the Islamic penal code. It comprises forms of flogging
that vary in vehemence as well as in number, depending on the kind of offence
as well as on the social status of delinquent, 128.
hadîth: (science
or books of) the saying(s) of the Prophet. -Hadîth ash-sherîf, all the hadîths as a whole. (See
Endless Bliss, II, for its kinds.)
hadrat: title
of respect used before the names of Islamic scholars.
hajj: fard
pilgrimage to Mecca.
halâl: (act,
thing) permitted in Islam.
harâm: (act,
thing) forbidden in Islam.
-Haramain: Mecca and Medina.
-Hijâz: the region around the Haramain on the Arabian
Peninsula.
hikma: wisdom;
right, useful sayings.
Hujjat
al-Islâm: title of al-Imâm at-Ghazâlî meaning the ‘Document
of Islam’ and depicting that a reasonable person who reads his Ihyâ’ sees that
Islam is a heavenly religion and becomes a Muslim, past and present examples of
which are many.
’ibâda: (pl.
-ât) Islamic rite(s)
’Îd al-ad’hâ:
festival of sacrifices and hajj.
ijtihâd:
(meaning or conclusion drawn by a mujtahid by) endeavouring to understand the
hidden meaning in an âyat or a hadîth.
ilhâd: (of
mulhid)
’illa:
‘reason’, question or event upon which a hadîth was said.
’ilm: (branch
of) knowledge, science; ’ilm al-hâl; ’ilm al-usûl (al-fiqh), science of
methodology (of e.g. fiqh).
imâm: i)
profound ’âlim; imâm al-madhhab; al-Imâm al-a’zam ii) leader in jamâ’a; iii)
Caliph.
îmân: belief.
iqâma: certain words recited just before a fard salât.
islâm: six fundamentals of Islam.
i’tiqâd: = îmân.
jamâ’a: community, body of Muslims in a mosque.
jihâd: war
against non-Muslims (or the nafs) to convert them (it) to Islam.
-Ka’ba: the big room in the great mosque in Mecca.
kaffâra: specified penalty that should be paid along with
kâfir: non-Muslim, disbeliever.
kalâm: (science of) îmân in Islam.
khalîfa: (pl. khulafâ’) caliph.
Khârijîs, Khârijites, Khawârij: those
heretical Muslims
lâ-madhhâbî: of antagonism to the four madhhabs.
madhhab: (pl. madhâhib) all of what an imâm of (esp.) fiqh
madrasa: Islamic school or university.
mahram: within
forbidden (harâm) degrees
of relationship
makrûh: (act,
thing) improper, disliked, and abstained by the
mansûkh: (a nass that had come or said) earlier but
ma’rifa: knowledge about Allâhu ta’âlâ, inspired
to the
masah: rubbing one’s wet hands (on his mests, which are
mashhûr: ‘well-known’ among ’âlims: a kind of hadîths.
masjid: mosque.
mawdû’: lacking one of the conditions (for a hadîth to be
mawlîd: (anniversary of) the birthday, writings about the
Mawqif: place of
concentration of all men after the
minbar: high pulpit in a mosque.
-Mi’râj: the
Prophet’s Ascension from Jerusalem to the
-Mîzân: the Balance in the hereafter.
mu’âmalât: a division of fiqh.
mubâh: (act, thing) neither ordered nor prohibited;
mufsid: thing that nullifies [salât].
muftî: great ’âlim authorized to issue fatwâ.
Muhammadî: follower of the path of the Prophet.
muhkam: (of a nass) with explicit, clear meaning.
mujaddid: strengthener, renewer, of Islam.
mujâhada: ‘striving’ to do what the nafs does not like; see
mulfiq: one who practises talfîq.
munâfiq: one in the disguise of a Muslim but believing in
mushrik: polytheist, idolater.
mustahab: (act)
deserving thawâb if
done but no sin if
mutashâbih: (of an âyat) with unintelligible,
hidden
-Mu’tazila: one of 72 heretical groups in Islam.
mutma’inna: (of nafs) tranquil, corrected.
nafs: a force
in man which wants him to harm himself
nâ-mahram: not mahram.
nâsikh: (a nass) that cancelled a mansûkh.
nass: (general term for) an âyat or hadîth; the Nass.
nikâh: Islamic act of engagement for marriage.
nisâb: minimum
quantity of specified wealth making one
qadâ’: i)
decree of a qâdî (Muslim
judge); ii) performance of
qibla: direction towards the Ka’ba.
qiyâs (al-fuqahâ’): (conclusion
drawn by a mujtahid
by)
Quraish: Arab community of Quraish, an ancestor of the
rak’a: unit of salât.
Rasûlullah: Muhammad (’alaihi
’s-salâm), the ‘Prophet of
rijâl: great ’âlim reporters of a hadîth.
riyâda: (pl. -ât) not doing what the nafs likes.
Sahâbî: (pl. -Sahâbat al-kirâm)
Muslim (Companions) who
sahîh: i) valid, lawful; ii) (hadîth) soundly transmitted.
salâm: good wish.
shafâ’a: intercession in the hereafter.
shaikh: master,
guide; Shaikh
al-Islâm, Head of the Islamic
Shâri’: the Prophet (’alaihi ’s-salâm).
-Shî’a
(Shî’ites): one of the 72 non-Sunnî groups
in Islam.
-Sirât: the Bridge in the hereafter.
suhba: companionship.
sunna: act (done and liked esp. by the Prophet as an
Sunnî: (one) belonging to Ahl as-Sunna.
sûra(t): a Qur’ânic chapter.
tâ’a: those
acts liked by Allâhu ta’âlâ but need not be known
Tâbi’ûn: Successors of as-Sahâbat al-kirâm. Taba’ at-Tâbi’în, Successors of the Tâbi’ûn.
tafsîr: (book,
science, of) interpretation of the Qur’ân al
-Tahiyya: first prayer recited at the sitting posture in salât.
takbîr iftitâh: the phrase ‘Allâhu
akbar’.
tasawwuf: Islamic mysticism or sufism as defined by Islam.
Ta’dhir: a
jurisprudential term in the Islamic penal code. It
tekke: (Turkish) place where a shaikh trains his disciples.
thawâb: (unit of) reward promised for the next world by
’ulamâ’: pl. of ’âlim.
umma(t): community, body of believers of a prophet.
’umra: sunna pilgrimage to Mecca.
usûl: i) methodology or fundamentals of an Islamic science,
wahî: knowledge revealed to the Prophet from Allâhu
wâjib: (act) almost as
compulsory
as fard, so
not to be omitted; that never omitted by the Prophet.
Walî: (pl. Awliyâ’) one loved and protected by Allâhu ta’âlâ.
zâhir: exterior, apparent knowledge (pertaining to the
body);
zâhirî, of zâhir.
Zaidî: least heretical (so closer to Ahl as-Sunna) group of
zakât: (fard duty of giving annually) 1/40 of a rich
Muslim’s
zuhd: not setting one’s heart on worldly things.
HÜSEYN HiLMi IÞIK
'Rahmat-allahi alaih’
Hüseyn Hilmi Iþýk, 'Rahmat-allahi alaih’, publisher
of the Waqf Ikhlas Publications, was born in Eyyub Sultan, Istanbul in 1329
(A.D. 1911).
Of the one hundred and forty-four books he
published, sixty are Arabic, twenty-five Persian, fourteen Turkish, and the
remaining translated books consist of French, German, English, Russian and
other languages.
Hüseyn Hilmi Iþýk, 'Rahmat-allahi alaih' (guided by Sayyid Abdulhakim Arvasi, ‘Rahmat-allahi alaih’, a profound scholar of the religion and was perfect in virtues of tasawwuf and capable to direct disciples in a fully mature manner; possessor of glories and wisdom), was a competent, great Islamic scholar able to pave the way for attaining happiness, passed away during the night between October 25, 2001 (8 Shaban 1422) and October 26, 2001 (9 Shaban 1422). He was buried at Eyyub Sultan, where he was born.
Our Prophet ‘sall-Allâhu ’alaihi wa sallam’
stated,
“A person whom Allâhu ta’âlâ lovesvery much is one who learns his religion
and teaches it to others. Learn your religion from the mouths of Islamic
scholars!”
A person who cannot find a true
scholar must learn by reading books written by the scholars of Ahl as-sunna,
and try hard to spread these books. A Muslim who has ’ilm (knowledge), ’amal
(practising what one knows; obeying Islam’s commandments and prohibitions), and
ikhlâs (doing everything only to please Allâhu ta’âlâ) is called an Islamic scholar. A person
who represents himself as an Islamic scholar though he lacks any one of these
qualifications is called an ‘evil religious scholar’, or an ‘impostor’. The
Islamic scholar will guide you to causes which in turn will open the gates to
happiness; he is the protector of faith. The impostor will mislead you into
such causes as will make you end up in perdition; he is the Satan’s accomplice.[1] (There is a certain) prayer (called) Istighfâr (which), whenever
you say, (recite or read) it, will make you attain causes which will shield you
against afflictions and troubles.
---------------------------------
[1] Knowledge that is acquired not for the purpose of practising it with ikhlâs, will not be beneficial. Please see the 366 th and 367 th pages of the first volume of Hadîqa, and also the 36th and the 40 th and the 59 th letters in the first volume of Maktûbât. (The English versions of these letters exist in the 16 th and the 25 th and the 28 th chapters, respectively, of the second fascicle of Endless Bliss).